1538
| Years: 1535 1536 1537 - 1538 - 1539 1540 1541 | |
| Decades: 1500s 1510s 1520s - 1530s - 1540s 1550s 1560s | |
| Centuries: 15th century - 16th century - 17th century | |
- Treaty of Nagyvarad. Peace between King Ferdinand and the Turks. John Zapolya is recognized as King of Hungary, while Ferdinand retains the northern and western parts of the Kingdom, and is recognized as heir to the throne.
- Truce of Nice - Peace between Emperor Charles V and Francis I of France
- October 31 - Caesar Baronius, Italian cardinal and ecclesiastical historian
- Christopher Clavius, mathematician and astronomer
- July - Diego De Almagro