253 Mathilde
 NASA image of 253 Mathilde | |
|---|---|
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Orbit type | Main belt |
| Semimajor axis | AU |
| Eccentricity | 0.2652 |
| Orbital period | 4.31 y |
| Inclination | 6.70777° |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Diameter | km |
| Mass | 17 kilogram>kg |
| Density | 1.3 g/cm³ |
| Rotation period | 17 d 9 h 30 m |
| Spectral class | C |
| Albedo | 0.04 |
| History | |
| Discoverer | Johann Palisa, 1885 |
253 Mathilde was visited by the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft on its way to 433 Eros. It is a primitive C-type asteroid, the first such asteroid to be visited by a spacecraft. It is also the largest asteroid to be visited by a spacecraft.
Mathilde is very dark, blacker than coal, and is thought to share the same composition as carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. The density measured by NEAR Shoemaker, 1,300 kg/m³ was less than half that of a typical carbonaceous chondrite; this may indicate that the asteroid is very loosely packed. The same is true of another C-type asteroid recently studied through ground-based telescopes, 45 Eugenia.
Mathilde's orbit is eccentric, taking it to the outer reaches of the main belt. It also has one of the slowest rotation periods of the known asteroids.
The asteroid is marked by a number of extremely large, extremely clear craters; several are wider than the asteroid's average radius.
See also: List of craters on 253 Mathilde.