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Canadian federal election, 2004

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A Canadian federal election (more formally, the 38th general election) was held on June 28 2004.

On May 23, 2004, Governor General Adrienne Clarkson, on the advice of Prime Minister Paul Martin, ordered the dissolution of the House of Commons (the lower house of Parliament). Following a 36 day campaign, Canadian voters elected 308 MPss to create the 38th Parliament. As the previously governing Liberal Party of Canada did not win an outright majority of seats, it will form a minority government. This will require the Liberals to convince members of other parties to support their legislative agenda.

All three major national parties ran under different leaders than in the previous election, held in 2000. This election also marked the debut of the new Conservative Party of Canada and Progressive Canadian Party, and the return of the Christian Heritage Party of Canada and Libertarian Party of Canada.

At one point, most pundits had expected an election in the late spring, but the emergence of issues such as the inquiry into the sponsorship scandal likely delayed the call. Although the campaign was initially widely expected to be a relatively facile romp for Martin to a fourth consecutive Liberal majority government, many began instead to predict a far more closely-fought election. Polls started to indicate the possibility of only a minority government for the Liberals or even the Conservatives, fueling speculation of coalitions with the other parties. In the end, the Liberals fared better than the last-minute polls had led them to fear, but not well enough to govern alone.

The election took place on June 28, 2004. Polling times were arranged to allow results from most provinces to be announced more or less simultaneously, with the exception of Atlantic Canada, where results were known before the close of polling in other provinces.

Table of contents
1 Results
2 Major Parties
3 Minor Parties
4 Campaign Slogans
5 Issues
6 Timeline
7 Leadership races of 2003 and 2004
8 Poll results
9 See also
10 External links

Results

What the 38th Canadian parliament will look like (subject to change)Enlarge

What the 38th Canadian parliament will look like (subject to change)

155 seats must be held by a party in order for it to form a majority government. The Liberals came short of this number, winning 135. Until extremely close ridings were decided on the west coast, it appeared as though the Liberals' seat total, if combined with that of the left-wing New Democratic Party (NDP), would be sufficient to hold a majority in the House of Commons. In the end, the Conservatives won Vancouver Island North, West Vancouver-Sunshine Coast, and New Westminster-Coquitlam, after trailing in all three ridings, as sub-totals were announced through the evening. As a result, the combined seat count of the Liberals and the NDP was 154, while the other 154 seats belonged to the Conservatives, Bloquistes, and one independent Chuck Cadman (previously a Conservative). This could signal an evenly-split house; however, some indications suggested that, rather than forming an official coalition with the NDP, the Liberal party would attempt to lead with a minority government, obtaining majorities for their legislation on an ad hoc basis.

National

The Liberal Party was elected as a minority government. The strength of that government may yet be determined by automatic recounts in ridings which are very close.

Party Party Leader Seats Popular Vote
Before After % Change # %

Liberal Party of Canada Paul Martin 168 135 align="right"
4,951,107 36.7

Conservative Party of Canada Stephen Harper 72 99 align="right"
37.5
3,994,682 29.6

Bloc Québécois Gilles Duceppe 33 54 +63.6 1,672,874 12.4

New Democratic Party Jack Layton 14 19 +35.7 2,116,536 15.7

Green Party of Canada Jim Harris 0 0 0 580,816 4.3

Christian Heritage Party of Canada Ron Gray   0 0 40,283 0.3

Marijuana Party of Canada Marc-Boris St-Maurice 0 0 0 33,590 0.3

Progressive Canadian Party Ernie Schreiber   0 0 10,773 0.1

Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada Sandra L. Smith 0 0 0 9,065 0.1

Canadian Action Party Connie Fogal 0 0 0 8,930 0.1

Communist Party of Canada Miguel Figueroa 0 0 0 4,568 0.0

Libertarian Party of Canada Jean-Serge Brisson   0 0 1,964 0.0

Independent 10 0 N/A 47,596 0.4

No Affiliation 0 1 N/A 17,465 0.1

Vacant 4 0 N/A    
Total 301 308 +2.3 13,489,559 100.0
Sources: http://www.elections.ca -- http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/process/house/hfer/hfer.asp?Language=E History of the Federal Electoral Ridings since 1867]
Other elections: 1997 2000 2004
Canadian federal elections -- Election results 2000-

n.a. = not applicable - party was not recognized in previous election

Province by Province breakdown

Province and Territory tables

Showing change from the 2000 election. The votes and seats won by the Conservative Party are compared with the combined totals won by the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party in 2000.

ALBERTA
Registered voters:     2,141,144 
Votes cast:            1,270,815   59.4
------------------------------------------------------------
Party                 Votes        %      Change    Seats
------------------------------------------------------------
Conservative Party       783,379   61.6   -10.7      26  +02
Liberal Party            279,219   22.0   +01.1       2  
New Democratic Party     121,249   09.5   +04.1       -
Other                     86,968   06.8               -
------------------------------------------------------------
Total                  1,270,815                     28  +02
------------------------------------------------------------   

BRITISH COLUMBIA
Registered voters:     2,713,421 
Votes cast:            1,724,618   63.6
------------------------------------------------------------
Party                 Votes        %      Change    Seats
------------------------------------------------------------
Conservative Party       625,071   36.2   -20.5      22  -05
Liberal Party            492,865   28.6   +01.0       8  +03
New Democratic Party     457,815   26.6   +15.3       5  +03
Other                     148,867  08.6               1  +01
------------------------------------------------------------
Total                  1,724,618                     36  +02
------------------------------------------------------------

MANITOBA 
Registered voters:       836,599 
Votes cast:              472,796   56.5
------------------------------------------------------------
Party                 Votes        %      Change    Seats
------------------------------------------------------------
Conservative Party       185,022   39.1   -05.8       7  +02
Liberal Party            156,970   33.2   +00.7       3  -02
New Democratic Party     110,901   23.5   +02.7       4
Other                     19,903   04.2               -
------------------------------------------------------------
Total                    472,796                     14
------------------------------------------------------------

NEW BRUNSWICK  
Registered voters:       594,738 
Votes cast:              369,407   62.1
------------------------------------------------------------
Party                 Votes        %      Change    Seats
------------------------------------------------------------
Conservative Party       114,962   31.1   -15.1       2  -01
Liberal Party            164,903   44.6   +02.9       7  +01
New Democratic Party      75,951   20.6   +08.9       1
Other                     13,591   03.7               -
------------------------------------------------------------
Total                    369,407                     10
------------------------------------------------------------

NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR
Registered voters:       403,568
Votes cast:              198,366   49.2
------------------------------------------------------------
Party                 Votes        %      Change    Seats
------------------------------------------------------------
Conservative Party        64,120   32.3   -06.0       2
Liberal Party             95,178   48.0   +03.0       5
New Democratic Party      34,694   17.5   +04.5       -
Other                      4,374   02.2               -
------------------------------------------------------------
Total                    198,366                      7
------------------------------------------------------------

NOVA SCOTIA
Registered voters:       702,399
Votes cast:              433,577   61.7
------------------------------------------------------------
Party                 Votes        %      Change    Seats
------------------------------------------------------------
Conservative Party       121,398   28.0   -10.7       3  -01
Liberal Party            171,680   39.6   +03.1       6  +02
New Democratic Party     123,360   28.5   +04.6       2  -01
Other                     17,139   03.9               -
------------------------------------------------------------
Total                    433,577                     11
------------------------------------------------------------

ONTARIO
Registered voters:     8,206,023
Votes cast:            5,060,308   61.7
------------------------------------------------------------
Party                 Votes        %      Change    Seats
------------------------------------------------------------
Conservative Party     1,592,724   31.5   -06.5      24  +22
Liberal Party          2,260,172   44.7   -06.8      75  -25
New Democratic Party     915,310   18.1   +09.8       7  +06
Other                    292,102   05.8               -
------------------------------------------------------------
Total                  5,060,308                    106  +03
------------------------------------------------------------

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
Registered voters:       108,169 
Votes cast:               76,421   70.7
------------------------------------------------------------
Party                 Votes        %      Change    Seats
------------------------------------------------------------
Conservative Party        23,478   30.7   -12.7       -
Liberal Party             40,103   52.5   +05.5       4
New Democratic Party       9,558   12.5   +03.5       -
Other                      3,282   04.3               -
------------------------------------------------------------
Total                     76,421                      4
------------------------------------------------------------

QUEBEC
Registered voters:     5,803,390  
Votes cast:            3,424,713   59.0
------------------------------------------------------------
Party                 Votes        %      Change    Seats
------------------------------------------------------------
Conservative Party       300,499   08.8   -02.9       -  -01
Liberal Party          1,159,879   33.9   -10.3      21  -15
New Democratic Party     158,838   04.6   +02.8       -
Quebec Bloc            1,672,184   48.8   +09.0      54  +16
Other                    133,313   03.9               -
------------------------------------------------------------
Total                  3,424,713                     75
------------------------------------------------------------

SASKATCHEWAN
Registered voters:        721,357 
Votes cast:               425,946  59.1
------------------------------------------------------------
Party                 Votes        %      Change    Seats
------------------------------------------------------------
Conservative Party       178,180   41.8   -10.7      13  +03
Liberal Party            115,671   27.2   +06.5       1  -01
New Democratic Party      99,479   23.4   -02.8       -  -02
Other                     32,616   07.6               -
------------------------------------------------------------
Total                    425,946                     14
------------------------------------------------------------ 

TERRITORIES

NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES
Registered voters:        28,335
Votes cast:               13,471   47.5  
------------------------------------------------------------
Party                 Votes        %      Change    Seats
------------------------------------------------------------
Conservative Party         2,314   17.2   +07.2       -
Liberal Party              5,313   39.4   -06.2       1
New Democratic Party       5,261   39.1   +12.4       -
Other                        583   04.3               -
------------------------------------------------------------
Total                     13,471                      1
------------------------------------------------------------

NUNAVUT
Registered voters:        16,872
Votes cast:                7,243   42.9
------------------------------------------------------------
Party                 Votes        %      Change    Seats
------------------------------------------------------------
Conservative Party         1,049   14.5   +06.1       -
Liberal Party              3,705   51.2   -17.3       1
New Democratic Party       1,108   15.3   -03.3       -
Other                      1,381   19.1               -
------------------------------------------------------------
Total                      7,243                      1
------------------------------------------------------------

YUKON TERRITORY
Registered voters:        19,655
Votes cast:               11,878   60.4
------------------------------------------------------------
Party                 Votes        %      Change    Seats
------------------------------------------------------------
Conservative Party         2,486   20.9   -14.3       -
Liberal Party              5,449   45.9   +13.4       1
New Democratic Party       3,012   25.4   -06.5       -
Other                        931   07.8               -
------------------------------------------------------------
Total                     11,878                      1
------------------------------------------------------------

Source:
Adam Carr's Electoral Archive

Schematic map

The schematic map below shows the seat breakdown geographically. The top half shows provinces and territories; white boxes indicate urban areas, which are shown in the bottom half. Ontario's golden horseshoe is subdivided again by Toronto. The table below the map gives statistical data by province and territory.

Schematic map of results


>
Province BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL NU NT YK Total

Total seats 36 28 14 14 106 75 10 11 4 7 1 1 1 308

Liberal Party Seats: 8 2 1 3 75 21 7 6 4 5 1 1 1 135
Pop Vote (%): 28.6 22.0 27.2 33.2 44.7 33.9 44.6 39.6 52.5 48.0 51.2 39.4 45.9 36.7

Conservative Party Seats: 22 26 13 7 24   2 3   2       99
Pop Vote (%): 36.2 61.6 41.8 39.1 31.5 8.8 31.1 28.0 30.7 32.3 14.5 17.2 20.9 29.6

Bloc Québécois Seats:           54               54
Pop Vote (%):           48.8               12.4

New Democratic Party Seats: 5     4 7   1 2           19
Pop Vote (%): 26.6 9.5 23.4 23.5 18.1 4.6 20.6 28.5 12.5 17.5 15.3 39.1 25.4 15.7

Green Party Seats:                            
Pop Vote (%): 6.4 6.2 2.7 2.7 4.5 3.2 3.4 3.3 4.2 1.6 2.9 4.3 4.5 4.3

Christian Heritage Party Seats:                            
Pop Vote (%): 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.0   0.1 0.1       0.9 0.3

Marijuana Party Seats:                            
Pop Vote (%): 0.2 0.2   0.4 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.1         2.4 0.3

Progressive Canadian Party Seats:                            
Pop Vote (%):   0.0     0.2     0.3           0.1

Marxist-Leninist Party Seats:                            
Pop Vote (%): 0.1 0.0     0.1 0.1   0.0           0.1

Canadian Action Party Seats:                            
Pop Vote (%): 0.3 0.1   0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1             0.1

Communist Party Seats:                            
Pop Vote (%): 0.1 0.0   0.2 0.0 0.0               0.0

Libertarian Party Seats:                            
Pop Vote (%): 0.1       0.0 0.0               0.0

Independent/Other Seats: 1                         1
Pop Vote (%): 1.0 0.1 4.7 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1   0.6 16.2     0.4

Seat by Seat breakdown

Notes

Major Parties

Main article: List of political parties in Canada

The following parties held and still hold seats in the House of Commons and were the most closely watched parties during the election. Their leaders all sit in the House (Layton having won his seat in the election).

Liberal Party Paul Martin
Conservative Party Stephen Harper
Bloc Québécois Gilles Duceppe
New Democratic Party Jack Layton

Liberal Party of Canada

The Liberal Party of Canada

Until the sponsorship scandal, most pundits were predicting that new Prime Minister Paul Martin would lead the Liberals to a fourth majority government, possibly setting a record for number of seats won.

However, polls released immediately after it broke out showed Liberal support down as much as 10% nationwide, with greater declines in its heartland of Quebec and Ontario. Although there was some recovery in Ontario and Atlantic Canada, hopes of making unprecedented gains in the West faded. Popularity of provincial Liberal parties may also have had an effect on federal Liberal fortunes. In Ontario, for instance, the provincial Liberal government introduced an unpopular budget the week of the expected election call, and their federal counterparts then fell into a statistical dead heat with the Conservatives in polls there. The Liberals were also been harmed by high profile party infighting.

The campaign was criticized openly by Liberal candidates, one incumbent Liberal comparing it to the Keystone Kops. The campaign was not helped by Paul Martin being out of the country for the third week of the campaign attending the D-Day anniversary services and a meeting of the G8.

Conservative Party of Canada

The Conservative Party of Canada

In the final months of 2003, the Progressive Conservatives and the Canadian Alliance were running a distant third and fourth, respectively, in public opinion polls.

Many pundits predicted that the combination of the popular and fiscally conservative Martin, along with continued vote-splitting on the right, could have led to the almost total annihilation of the Progressive Conservatives and Canadian Alliance. This fear prompted those two parties to form a united Conservative Party of Canada, which was approved by the Canadian Alliance on December 5, 2003 and by the Progressive Conservatives on December 6, 2003.

The new Conservative Party pulled well ahead of the NDP in the polls just before the election, although its support remained below the combined support that the Progressive Conservatives and the Alliance had as separate parties. On March 20 the Conservatives elected Stephen Harper as its new leader.

The Conservatives gained more ground in polls taken since Harper became leader, and the poll results in the weeks before the election had them within one to two points of the Liberals, sometimes ahead, sometimes behind them. Party supporters hoped that the voters would react negatively to the Liberal attacks on Harper's agenda, and that anger over the sponsorship scandal and other Liberal failures would translate to success at the polls. Although on the eve of the election the party was polling slightly ahead of the Liberals everywhere west of Quebec, it had dropped in support, polling behind or at par with Liberals everywhere except Alberta and British Columbia, where it held onto its traditional support.

New Democratic Party

The New Democratic Party

Prior to the announcement of the union of the right-of-centre parties, some were predicting an NDP official opposition, with the NDP polling ahead of both right-of-centre parties. A new leader (Jack Layton) and clear social democratic policies helped revitalize the NDP. Polls suggested that the NDP has returned to the 18% to 20% level of support it enjoyed in the 1984 Canadian election and 1988 Canadian election. Layton suggested that the NDP would win more than the 43 seats won under Ed Broadbent.

The NDP focused the campaign on winning ridings in Canada' urban centres, hoping especially to pick off seats in central Toronto, Hamilton, Ottawa and Winnipeg. The party's platform was built to cater to these regions and much of Layton's time was spent in these areas.

The campaign stumbled early when the Liberals attacked Layton for blaming the deaths of homeless people on Paul Martin. They accused the NDP of negative campaigning. The NDP did benefit from the general meltdown in Liberal support, but not to the same extent as the Conservatives. An important issue concern for the New Democrats developed with the increasing prospect of NDPers voting Liberal to block a Conservative government. This concern did not manifest itself in the polls, however and the NDP remained at somewhat below twenty-percent mark in the polls for most of the campaign.

Bloc Québécois

The Bloc Québécois

The Bloc Québécois (BQ) continued to slide in the polls in most of 2003 after the election of the federalist Quebec Liberal Party at the National Assembly of Quebec under Jean Charest and during the long run-up to Paul Martin becoming leader of the federal Liberals.

However, things progressively changed starting from the winter of 2003, partly because of the Charest government rapidly becoming quite unpopular and of the support for independence in Quebec rising again (49% in March). The tide took its sharp turn when, in February 2004, the sponsorship scandal (uncovered in considerable part by the Bloc) hit the liberal federal government.

These events led to a massive resurgence of the BQ, putting it ahead of the pack once again: according to an Ipsos-Reid poll carried out for the Globe and Mail and CTV between the 4th and the 8th of June, 50% of Quebecers intended to vote for the BQ against 24% for the Liberals.

Speculation was ongoing about the possibility of the Bloc forming alliances with other opposition parties or with an eventual minority government, be it Liberal, Conservative or New Democrat to promote its goals of social democracy and respect of the autonomy of provinces. Leader Gilles Duceppe has stated that the Bloc, as before, will cooperate with other opposition parties or with the government when interests are found to be in common but that having the Bloc participate in a coalition government will categorically not happen.

Minor Parties

Main article: List of political parties in Canada

The following parties did not hold seats in the House of Commons entering the election, and received considerably less media attention throughout the election than their larger competitors. The Greens ran candidates in all 308 ridings; the other parties were running far fewer candidates.

Green Party Jim Harris 308 candidates
Marxist-Leninist Party Sandra L. Smith 76 candidates
Marijuana Party Marc-Boris St-Maurice 71 candidates
Christian Heritage Party Ron Gray 62 candidates
Canadian Action Party Connie Fogal 44 candidates
Communist Party Miguel Figueroa 35 candidates
Progressive Canadian Party Ernie Schreiber 16 candidates
Libertarian Party Jean-Serge Brisson 8 candidates

Campaign Slogans

Main article: Slogans of the 2004 Canadian election

These are the official slogans for the 2004 campaigns. The optional parts of the mottos (sometimes not used for efficiency) are put in brackets.

Liberal Party Moving [Canada] Forward - Allons [or Aller] droit devant (avec l'Équipe Martin) Choose your Canada
Conservative Party Demand Better - C'est assez!
Bloc Québécois Un parti propre au Québec Parce qu'on est différent (pre-election)
New Democratic Party [New Energy.] A Positive Choice. - [Une force nouvelle.] Un choix Positif.
Green Party Someday is now - L'avenir c'est maintenant
Marijuana Party Let's roll! - Y faut que ça roule!

Issues

Important issues in the election:

Timeline

See
Timeline of the Canadian federal election, 2004.

Leadership races of 2003 and 2004

Poll results

Approval ratings (percentages) for the 2004 Canadian federal election
Note: the
Bloc Québécois runs candidates only in Québec, so its Canada-wide poll percentage is not very meaningful. Therefore the relevant poll numbers isolated for Québec only are also shown, if available.

Source: http://www.canadawebpages.com/pc-polls.asp

Excel 2000 file of poll information, and the above graph

See also

External links