China Far East Railway
The China Far East Railway (a.k.a. Chinese Eastern Railway, CER) was a railway connecting China and the Russian Far East. Its Russian name is ëКита́йско-Восто́чная Желе́зная Доро́гаû, or КВЖД (Kitaysko-Vostochnaya Zheleznaya Doroga, KVZhD).The construction was started on July 1897 along the line Tarskaya - Hilar - Harbin - Nikolsk-Ussuriski. Officially the traffic started in November 1901, but regular passenger traffic from St.Petersburg to Vladivostok across the Trans-Siberian railway started in July 1903.
The administration of CER was in Harbin.
After the Russo-Japanese War, the Southern branch, Changchun - Port Arthur, was ceded to Japan.
During 1917-1924 (Russian Civil War) the Russian part of CER was under the administration of the White Army.
After 1924 CER was administered jointly by the USSR and China.
In 1935 the USSR had to sell all its rights to CER to the Manzhouguo government.
From August 1945 CER was again under joint control of the USSR and China. The joint control covered also the Southern branch; all this together was named the "Chinese Changchun Railway" (Russian: Кита́йская Чанчу́ньская желе́зная доро́га).
In 1952 the Soviet Union has transferred (free of charge) all its rights to the Chinese Changchun Railway to the People's Republic of China.
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