The Gudermannian function reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Jul-2004
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Gudermannian function

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Gudermannian function with its asymptotes y = pi/2 and y = -pi/2 marked inEnlarge

Gudermannian function with its asymptotes y = pi/2 and y = -pi/2 marked in

Gudermannian function relates the circular and hyperbolic trigonometric functions without resorting to complex numbers. It is defined by

The following identities follow:

The inverse,

is the core of the Mercator projection.

The following identities also hold:

Reference: CRC Handbook of Mathematical Sciences 5th ed. pp 323-5.

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