Hirota Koki
Kōki Hirota (広田 弘毅 February 14, 1878 - December 23, 1948) was a Japanese politician and the 31th Prime Minister from March 9, 1936 - February 2, 1937.He was born in Fukuoka prefecture and graduated with law degree from Tokyo Imperial University. He entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to become a career diplomat, and served as ambassador to the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1932 before becoming foreign minister in 1933, the same year of Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations.
In 1936, following the February 26 Incident, the army faction in charge of Japan's government named Hirota prime minister. At that point, the second Sino-Japanese War was in full swing, several world powers (most notably the Soviets) were beginning to distrust Japan's intentions, and domestic security concerns had been brought to a boiling point. Hirota's government, with the blessing of the military, signed its first treaty with Germany. However, his term lasted for slightly less than a year: early in 1937, the army again named him foreign minister, a position he held until his retirement in 1938.
Hirota's second tenure as foreign minister would eventually lead to his death. Late in 1937, Japanese forces marched into Nanjing, and set off a chain of events now known as the Rape of Nanking. While Hirota was not in charge of the army units that invaded Nanjing, he was party to information about the massacre, and informed the Japanese embassy in Washington of the extensive carnage in the city (the telegram has been said to be a forgery, however; see below).
The military caught wind of Hirota's dislike for the Chinese campaign, and forced him to retire in 1938. In 1945, however, Hirota came back onto the diplomatic scene by leading Japanese peace negotiations with the Soviet Union. At the time, Japan and the USSR were still under a non-aggression pact, even though the other Allied Powers had all declared war on Japan. Hirota attempted to persuade Josef Stalin's government to stay out of the war, but he ultimately failed: the Soviets entered the war less than one week before the bombing of Hiroshima.
Following Japan's surrender, Hirota was named a Class A war criminal and was brought before the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. He offered no defense. He was found guilty, sentenced to hang, and executed at Sugamo Prison.
| Preceded by: Okada Keisuke | Prime ministers of Japan | Succeeded by: Hayashi Senjuro |