IPA in Unicode
The
International Phonetic Alphabet can be represented in
Unicode. The following is an attempt at representing the IPA chart, using Unicode
See also: Table of Unicode characters, 128 to 999, Unicode and HTML
Consonants (pulmonic)
Consonants (non-pulmonic)
| Clicks | | Voiced implosives | | Ejectives |
| ʘ | Bilabial |
ɓ | Bilabial |
ʼ | as in: |
| ǀ | Dental |
ɗ | Dental/alveolar |
pʼ | Bilabial |
| ǃ | Alveolar (retroflex) |
ʄ | Palatal |
tʼ | Dental/aveolar |
| ǂ | Palatoaveolar (alveolar) |
ɠ | Velar |
kʼ | Velar |
| ǁ | Aveolar lateral (lateral) |
ʛ | Uvular |
sʼ | Alveolar fricative |
Vowels
|
| Front
|
| Central
|
| Back
|
| Close
| i ÃÂ y
|
| ɨ ÃÂ ʉ
|
| ɯ ÃÂ u
|
|
|
| ɪ ʏ
|
| ʊ
|
|
| Close-mid
| e ÃÂ ø
|
| ɘ ÃÂ ɵ
|
| ɤ ÃÂ o |
|
|
|
| ə
|
|
|
| Open-mid
| ɛ àœ
|
| ɜ ÃÂ ɞ
|
| ʌ ÃÂ ɔ |
|
| æ
|
| ɐ
|
|
|
| Open
| a ÃÂ ɶ
|
|
|
| ɑ ÃÂ ɒ
|
Other symbols
| ʍ | Voiceless labial-velar fricative |
| w | Voiced labial-velar approximant |
| ɥ | Voiced labial-palatal approximant |
| ʜ | Voiceless epiglottal fricative |
| ʢ | Voiced epiglottal fricative |
| ʡ | Epiglottal plosive |
| ɕ ʑ | Alveolo-palatal fricatives |
| ɺ | Alveolar lateral flap |
| ɧ | Simultaneous ʃ and x |
Suprasegmentals
| ˈ | Primary stress |
| ˌ | Secondary stress |
| ː | Long |
| ˑ | Half-long |
| ˘ | Extra-short |
| . | Syllable break |
| | | Minor (foot) group |
| ‖ | Major (intonation) group |
| ‿ | Linking (absence of a break) |
Tones and word accents
| e̋ or ˥ | Extra high |
| é or ˦ | High |
| ē or ˧ | Mid |
| è or ˨ | Low |
| ȅ or ˩ | Extra low |
| ě | Rise |
| ê | Fall |
| ↓ | Downstep |
| ↑ | Upstep |
| ↗ | Global rise |
| ↘ | Global fall |
Note: Unicode does not support most IPA symbols for non-flat tones. To represent those, one possibility is to use numbers in the subscript, e.g. /e
53/ for a high falling /e/.
Diacritics
| n̥ d̥
| Voiceless
| b̤ a̤
| Breathy voiced
| t̪ d̪
| Dental
|
| s̬ t̬
| Voiced
| b̰ a̰
| Creaky voiced
| t̺ d̺
| Apical
|
| tʰ dʰ
| Aspirated
| t̼ d̼
| Linguolabial
| t̻ d̻
| Laminal
|
| ɔ̹
| More rounded
| tʷ dʷ
| Labialized
| ẽ
| Nasalized
|
| ɔ̜
| Less rounded
| tʲ dʲ
| Palatalized
|
| Nasal release
|
| u̟
| Advanced
| tˠ dˠ
| Velarized
|
| Lateral release
|
| i̠
| Retracted
| tˁ dˁ
| Pharyngealized
|
| No audible release
|
| ë
| Centralized
| l̴
| Velarized or pharyngealized
|
| e̽
| Mid-centralized
| e̝
| Raised
|
| ɹ̩
| Syllabic
| e̞
| Lowered
|
| e̯
| Non-syllabic
| e̘
| Advanced tongue root
|
| ə˞
| Rhoticity
| e̙
| Retracted tongue root
|
Fonts
Most IPA symbols are not included in Times New Roman, the default font for Latin scripts in Internet Explorer. To properly view IPA symbols in Internet Explorer, you should set your browser font to Arial Unicode MS or another font that includes IPA extensions.
Fonts should display properly out of the box with Mozilla Firefox.
External links