Islamic Salvation Front
The Islamic Salvation Front (تحرير الجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ) (French: Front Islamique du Salut) is an outlawed islamist political party in Algeria.The FIS was founded in February 1989 by an elderly sheikh, Abbassi Madani, and a charismatic young mosque preacher, Ali Belhadj. The party capitalized on the discontent of younger, lower class Algerians and middle class traders who felt left out of the economy.
Soon, however, Belhadj's radical preaching got the attention of the army, and when the FIS called for a general strike in 1991 to protest the machinations of the official Front for National Liberation party, he and Madani were arrested. They would spend the next twelve years in prison, as a civil war raged around them.
Immediately after their arrests, the FIS won the first round of elections in December 1991; in response, the army stepped in and "interrupted" the electoral process. Massive civil unrest followed, and the FIS was banned in March 1992.
The arrests, the cancellation of the elections, and the banning of the party pushed the country inexorably into a civil war from which it only began to emerge at the end of the 1990s.
Although Belhadj and Madani have been released from prison, their party remains banned, and they live under strictly controlled conditions.
See also: Armed Islamic Group, List of political parties in Algeria, Politics of Algeria