The Jean-Baptiste Dumas reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Jul-2004 (provided by Fixed Reference: snapshots of Wikipedia from wikipedia.org)

Jean-Baptiste Dumas

Jean Baptiste André Dumas (July 14, 1800 - April 10, 1884), French chemist, best known for his works on organic analysis and synthesis, as well as the determination of atomic weights (relative atomic masses) by measuring vapor densities.

Dumas studies in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1822 he moved to Paris, where he became professor of chemistry, initially at the Lyceum, later (1835) at the Ecole Polytechnique. After 1848, he exchanged much of his scientific work for ministerial posts under Napoleon III.

Dumas showed that kidneys remove urea from the blood.

In 1826, Dumas showed that in all elastic fluids observed under the same conditions, the molecules are placed at equal distances.

He improved on the works of Jöns Berzelius in organic chemistry.

In 1833, Dumas developed a method for estimating the amount of nitrogen in an organic compound, founding modern analysis methods.

Dumas established new values for the atomic mass of 30 elements, setting the value for hydrogen to 1.

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