Jersey

A newer version of this article is available: see Jersey at Schools Wikipedia

For other uses, see (disambiguation).

The Bailiwick of Jersey is a British crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. As well as the island of Jersey itself, it also includes the uninhabited islands of Minquiers and Ecréhous. Along with the Bailiwick of Guernsey it forms the grouping known as the Channel Islands. The defence of all these islands is the responsibility of the United Kingdom. However, Jersey is not part of the UK, but is rather a separate possession of the Crown. It is not a part of the European Union either.

Bailiwick of Jersey

(In Detail) Coat of Arms of Jersey
(Full Size)

Location of Jersey

Official languages English, French (JÃÂ¨rriais recognised as regional language)
Capital Saint Helier
Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief Sir John Cheshire
Bailiff Sir Philip Bailhache
Currency Jersey pound (on par with Pound Sterling)
Time zone UTC (DST +1)
National anthems Ma Normandie
God Save the Queen
National holiday May 9: Liberation Day
Internet TLD .je
Calling Code +44-1534

Table of contents

1 History
2 Politics
3 Geography
4 Economy
5 Demographics
6 Culture
7 See also
8 External links

History

Main article: History of Jersey

Jersey was seized by William Longsword, Duke of Normandy in 933. His heir the Conqueror, conquered England in 1066, which led to the Duchy of Normandy becoming an adjunct to the Crown of England. King John lost all his territories in mainland France in 1204, but retained possession of Jersey, along with Guernsey.

Jersey was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1 May, 1940, and was held until 9 May, 1945, the end of World War II.

Politics

Main article: Politics of Jersey

Jersey's legislature is the States of Jersey. It includes 55 voting members - 12 senators (elected for 6-year terms), 12 constables or heads of parishes (elected for 3-year terms), 29 deputies (elected for 3-year terms); the bailiff and the deputy bailiff; and 3 non-voting members - the Dean of Jersey, the Attorney General, and the Solicitor General all appointed by the monarch. Government departments are run by committees of the States. The civil head of the Island is the Bailiff.

The legal system is based on Norman customary law, statute and English law; justice is administered by the Royal Court. No political parties currently have representation in the States.

Elizabeth II's traditional title as head of state is that of Duke of Normandy, but she does not legally hold that title. She reigns by her position as Queen over a crown dependency.

Geography

Main article: Geography of Jersey

Jersey is a 43 sq. mi. (112 kmÃÂ²) island in the English Channel, approximately 12 mi. from the Cotentin Peninsula in Normandy, France. It is the largest and southernmost of Channel Islands.

The climate is temperate with mild winters and cool summers. The terrain consists of gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Jersey

Jersey's economy is based on financial services, tourism, internet trade and agriculture. There is no free movement of people from within the United Kingdom or other countries of the European Union to Jersey.

Jersey issues its own banknotes and coins.

Satellite view of Jersey

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Jersey

30% of population is concentrated in Saint Helier.

Culture

Main article: Culture of Jersey

JÃÂ¨rriais, the island's Norman language, is spoken by a minority of the population, although it was the majority language in the 19th century. Many place names are in JÃÂ¨rriais, and French and English place names are also to be found.

Some neolithic carvings are the earliest works of artistic character to be found in Jersey. Only fragmentary wall-paintings remain from the rich mediaeval artistic heritage, after the wholesale iconoclasm of the Calvinist reformation of the 16th century.

Printing only arrived in Jersey in the 1780s, but the island supported a multitude of regular publications in French (and JÃÂ¨rriais) and English throughout the 19th century, in which poetry, most usually topical and satirical flourished.

John Everett Millais, Elinor Glyn and Wace are among Jersey's artistic figures.

External links

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Dependencies: Faroe Islands \| Gibraltar \| Guernsey \| Isle of Man \| Jan Mayen \| Jersey \| Svalbard