The Nasal consonant reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Jul-2004 (provided by Fixed Reference: snapshots of Wikipedia from wikipedia.org)

Nasal consonant

Manners of articulation

Nasal consonant

Stop consonant

Fricative consonant

Lateral consonant

Approximant consonant

Semivowel

Liquid consonant

Flap consonant

Trill consonant

Ejective consonant

Click consonant

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A nasal is a sound produced when the air is allowed to escape through the nose, while its oral passage may be blocked by the lips or tongue (a nasal stop) or opened (a nasal vowel). Nasal stops are often called simply "nasals".

Here are some nasal consonants:

• [m] is a voiced bilabial nasal
• [ɱ] is a voiced labiodental nasal (SAMPA [F])
• [n] is an alveolar or dental nasal: see voiced alveolar nasal
• [ɳ] voiced retroflex nasal, common in Indic languages
• [ɲ] voiced palatal nasal (SAMPA [J]); is a common sound in European languages as in: Spanish ñ; or French and Italian gn; or Catalan and Hungarian ny; or Portuguese nh.
• [ŋ] voiced velar nasal (SAMPA [N]), as in sing.
• [ɴ] voiced uvular nasal

English, German and Cantonese have [m], [n] and [ŋ]

French has [m], [n] and [ɲ]

Catalan and Italian have [m], [n], [ɲ] as phonemes, and [ŋ] as an allophone.

Spanish has [m], [n], [ɲ] as phonemes, and [ɱ] and [ŋ] as allophones.

French, Portuguese, and Polish have nasal vowels. In IPA, nasal vowels are indicated by placing a tilde (~) over the vowel in question. So French sang = /sã/.

See also

• manner of articulation
• list of phonetics topics

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