The Orthography reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Jul-2004 (provided by Fixed Reference: snapshots of Wikipedia from wikipedia.org)

Orthography

The orthography of a language is the set of rules of how to write correctly in the language. The term is derived from Greek ορθο ortho- ("correct") and γραφος graphos ("that writes") and, in today's sense, includes spelling and punctuation. Orthography is distinct from typography.

An example of an orthographic rule for English is

A vowel that

• is not preceded immediately by another vowel, and

is followed by an "E" at the end of the word, without any other vowels between that vowel and the "E"

may represent the "long" sound of the vowel.

(This is the pronunciation rule "final E makes the vowel long" restated as a spelling rule.)

• Kinds of writing:
  • Ideogram
  • Syllabary
  • Alphabet
• Calligraphy
• Penmanship
  • Majuscule
  • Minuscule
• Graphology
• Spelling
• Punctuation

See also

• Writing system

Reference

• Smalley, W.A. (ed.) 1964. Orthography studies: articles on new writing systems, United Bible Society, London.