Paul Ekman
Paul Ekman (born 1934) was born in Washington, DC and grew up in Newark, New Jersey, Washington, Oregon, and southern California. He has been a pioneer in the study of emotions and facial expressions, and is currently professor of psychology in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California Medical School.Contrary to the belief of some anthropologists at the time including Margaret Mead, Ekman found that at least some facial expressions and their corresponding emotions are not culturally determined, but appear to universal to human culture and thus presumably biological in origin, as Charles Darwin had once theorized. Expressions he found to be universal included anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.
Ekman discovered facial "microexpressions" that could be used to reliably detect lying, in the Diogenes Project. He also developed the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) to taxonomize every conceivable human facial movement.
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