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Pieter Brueghel the Elder

Pieter Brueghel the Elder (also Bruegel from 1559 onwards, c.1525 - 1569) was a Flemish painter. There are records that he was born in Broghel near Breda, but it is unsure whether the Dutch town of Breda or the Belgian town of Bree, called Breda in Latin, is meant. He was an apprentice of Pieter Coecke Van Aelst, whose daughter Mayke he later married, and was in 1551 accepted as a master in the painters' guild of Antwerp. He travelled to Italy soon after, and then returned to Antwerp before settling in Brussels permanently 10 years later. He died there on September 9, 1569. He was the father of Pieter Brueghel the Younger and Jan Brueghel the Elder.

He specialised in landscapes populated by peasants, painted in a simpler style than the Italianate art that prevailed at the time. The most obvious influence on his art is the older Dutch master Hieronymus Bosch. He is nicknamed 'Peasant Brueghel' to distinguish him from other members of the Brueghel dynasty, but is also the one generally meant when the context does not make clear which "Brueghel" is being referred to.

Works

• Large Fish Eat Small Fish 1556, Albertina, Vienna
• Ass at School 1556, Kupferstichkabinett Staatliche Museen, Berlin
• Landscape with the Fall of Icarus c.1558, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Brussels
• Netherlandish Proverbs 1559, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Gemaldegalerie, Berlin
• The Fight Between Carnival and Lent 1559, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna
• Children's Games 1560, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna
• Saul (Battle Against The Filistines On The Gilboa) 1562, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna
• Two Small Monkeys 1562, Staaliche Museen, Gemaldegalerie, Berlin
• The Triumph of Death c. 1562, Museo del Prado, Madrid
• Dulle Griet (Mad Meg) c. 1562, Museum Mayer van den Bergh, Antwerp
• The Tower of Babel 1563, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna
• Flight To Egypt 1563, Courtauld Institute Galleries, London
• The "Little" Tower of Babel c. 1563, Museum Boymans-van Beuningen, Rotterdam
• The Procession to Calvary 1564, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna
• The Adoration of the Kings 1564, The National Gallery, London
• The Hunters in the Snow (Dec.-Jan.) 1565, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna
• The Gloomy Day (Feb.-Ma.) 1565, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna
• Hay-Harvest (June-July) 1565, National Museum, Prague
• The Harvesters (Aug.-Sept.) 1565, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
• The Return of the Herd (Oct.-Nov.) 1565, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna
• Winter Landscape with a Bird Trap 1565, Wiltshire, Wilton House
• The Calumny of Apelles 1565, British Museum, London
• Massacre of the Innocents c. 1565, Hampton Court, U.K./Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna
• The Painter and the Connoisseur c. 1565, Albertina, Vienna
• Preaching Of John The Baptist 1566 , Beaux Arts Museum, Budapest
• Census at Bethlehem 1566, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Brussels
• Conversion Of Paulus 1567, Kunsthistorishes Museum Wien, Vienna
• The Land of Cockaigne/Land Of Milk And Honey 1567, Alte Pinakothek, Munich
• The Blind Leading the Blind 1568, Museo Nazionale, Napoli
• The Peasant Wedding 1568, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna
• The Peasant Dance 1568, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna
• The Beggars 1568 , Louvre, Paris
• The Peasant and the Nest Robber 1568, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna
• The Death of the Virgin
• The Fall of the Rebel Angels, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Brussels

See also: Early Renaissance painting

Books

Rucker, R. (2002). As above, so below: A novel of Peter Bruegel. New York: Forge.

The Tower of Babel by Pieter Brueghel the Elder