The Quadric reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Jul-2004 (provided by Fixed Reference: snapshots of Wikipedia from wikipedia.org)

Quadric

In mathematics a quadric, or quadric surface, is any D-dimensional (hyper-)surface represented by a second-order equation in spatial variables (coordinates). If the space coordinates are , then the general quadric in such a space is defined by the algebraic equation

for a specific choice of Q, P and R.

The normalized equation for a three-dimensional (D=3) quadric centred at the origin (0,0,0) is:

Via translations and rotations every quadric can be transformed to one of several "normalized" forms. In three-dimensional Euclidean space, there are 16 such normalized forms, and the most interesting are the following:

ellipsoid
spheroid (special case of ellipsoid)
sphere (special case of spheroid)
elliptic paraboloid
circular paraboloid
hyperbolic paraboloid
hyperboloid of one sheet
hyperboloid of two sheets
cone
elliptic cylinder
circular cylinder
hyperbolic cylinder

In real projective space, the ellipsoid, the elliptic paraboloid and the hyperboloid of two sheets are equivalent to each other up to a projective transformation; the two hyperbolic paraboloids are not different from each other (these are ruled surfaces); the cone and the cylinder are not different from each other (these are "degenerate" quadrics, since their Gaussian curvature is zero). In complex projective space all of the nondegenerate quadrics become indistinguishable from each other.

External links:

• http://www.geom.uiuc.edu/docs/reference/CRC-formulas/node61.html, 16 Quadrics in Geometry Formulas and Facts by Silvio Levy, excerpted from 30th Edition of the CRC Standard Mathematical Tables and Formulas (CRC Press).

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