Thinking
Thinking ( aka Thought) is a mental process which allows beings to model the world, and so to deal with it effectively according to their goals, plans, ends and desires. Concepts akin to thought are sentience, consciousness, idea and imagination.
Thinking involves manipulation information, as when we form concepts, engage in problem solving, reason and make decisions. Thinking is a higher cognitive function and the analysis of thinking processes is part of cognitive psychology.
In the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, thinking means you tend to put a higher priority on impersonal factors than personal factors.
Aids to thinking
See George Polya's books on Heuristics
See also