Timeline of programming languages

See also Alphabetical list, Categorical list, and Generational list; Programming language, Computing timeline, and History of computing hardware.

Pre 1950
Predecessor(s)	Year	Product	developer, company
*	~1840	FIRST PROGRAM	Ada Lovelace
*	1945	Plankalkül	Konrad Zuse
1950s
*	1952	A-0	Grace Hopper
*	1954	Mark I Autocode	Tony Brooker
A-0	~1954	FORTRAN (First program September 20th 1954)	John W. Backus
A-0	1954	ARITH-MATIC	Grace Hopper
A-0	1954	MATH-MATIC	Grace Hopper
A-0	1955	FLOW-MATIC	Grace Hopper
*	1956	Information Processing Language (IPL)	Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon
FLOW-MATIC	1957	COMTRAN	Bob Bemer
FORTRAN	1958	FORTRAN>FORTRAN II	John W. Backus
FORTRAN	1958	Algol programming language>Algol 58	??
IPL	1959	Lisp programming language>LISP	John McCarthy
1960s
FLOW-MATIC COMTRAN	1960	COBOL programming language>COBOL	The Codasyl Committee
ALGOL	1960	Algol programming language>Algol 60
ALGOL	1960	JOSS programming language>JOSS
FORTRAN II	1962	FORTRAN>FORTRAN IV
*	1962	APL programming language>APL	Iverson
ALGOL58	1962	MAD (Michigan Algorithm Decoder)	Arden, et. al.
ALGOL60	1962	Simula
FORTRAN II	1962	SNOBOL	Griswold, et al.
ALGOL60	1963	CPL	Barron, Strachey, et al.
SNOBOL	1962	SNOBOL>SNOBOL3	Griswold, et al.
CPL LISP	1964	COWSEL programming language>COWSEL	Burstall, Popplestone
ALGOL60	1964	PLI>PL/I	IBM
FORTRAN II, JOSS	1964	BASIC programming language>BASIC	Kemeny and Kurtz
	1964	TRAC	Mooers (work started in 1959)
FORTRAN II	1966	FORTRAN IV
LISP	1966	ISWIM	Landin
ALGOL60	1966	CORAL66 programming language>CORAL66 Real Time version of Algol 60
CPL	1967	BCPL programming language>BCPL	Richards
Fortran LISP	1967	MUMPS	Massachusetts General Hospital
Simula	1967	Simula>Simula67
SNOBOL3	1967	SNOBOL>SNOBOL4	Griswold, et al.
Algol60	1968	Algol programming language>ALGOL 68	Wijngaarten, et al.
COWSEL	1968	POP-1 programming language>POP-1	Burstall, Popplestone
	1968	Forth programming language>Forth	Moore (first paper, 1970)
Lisp	1968	Logo programming language>Logo	Papert
1970s
POP-1	1970	POP-2 programming language>POP-2
ALGOL60	1971	Pascal programming language>Pascal	Wirth, Jensen
Simula67	1972	Smalltalk programming language>Smalltalk Environment	Digitalk
B BCPL	1972	C programming language>C	Ritchie
*	1972	INTERCAL
*	1972	Prolog>PROLOG	Colmerauer
Pascal BASIC	1973	COMAL	Christensen, Løfstedt
BASIC	1974	GRASS programming language>GRASS	DeFanti
LISP	1975	Scheme programming language>Scheme	Sussman, Steele
BASIC	1975	Altair BASIC	Gates, Allen
C FORTRAN	1976	RATFOR	Kernighan
MUMPS	1977	MUMPS>X11.1 ANSI Standard MUMPS
FORTRAN IV	1978	FORTRAN77
*	1978	VISICALC	Bricklin, Frankston)
	1979	REXX	Cowlishaw 20 March
C SNOBOL	1979	Awk	Aho, Weinberger, Kernighan
*	1979	VULCAN DBASE-II	Ratliff )
Algol68	1979	Green	Ichbiah et al., US Dept of Defense
1980s
C Simula67	1980	"C with Classes"	Stroustrup
Simula67	1980	Smalltalk programming language>Smalltalk-80	Digitalk
Green	1983	Ada programming language>Ada	US Dept of Defense
C with Classes	1983	C plus plus>C++	Stroustrup
Pascal	1983	Turbo Pascal	Hejlsberg
BASIC	1983	True BASIC	Kemeny and Kurtz
*	1984	SML programming language>Standard ML (Standard Meta-Language)
dBase	1984	CLIPPER programming language>CLIPPER	Nantucket
1977MUMPS	1985	MUMPS programming language>1984 MUMPS
dBase	1985	PARADOX programming language>PARADOX	Borland
Interpress	1985	PostScript	Warnock
BASIC	1985	Microsoft QuickBASIC compiler>QuickBASIC	Microsoft
	1986	LabVIEW	National Instruments
Simula67	1986	Eiffel programming language>Eiffel	Meyer
AIX	1986	AIX operating system>AIX	IBM
4GL	1986	Informix-4GL	Informix
*	1987	HyperCard>HyperTalk	Apple
*	1987	SQL programming language>SQL-1
Awk	1987	Perl	Wall
MATLAB	1988	GNU Octave>Octave
dBase-III	1988	dBaseIV
Awk Lisp	1988	Tcl	Ousterhout
REXX	1988	REXX>Object REXX	Simon Nash
Turbo-Pascal	1989	Turbo-Pascal+OOP	Borland
C	1989	Standard C	ANSI X3.159-1989 (adopted by ISO in 1990)
Pascal Modula-II	1989	Oberon programming language>OBERON	Wirth
1990s
	1990	Haskell programming language>Haskell
1984MUMPS	1990	MUMPS programming language>1990 MUMPS
	1991	Python programming language>Python	Van Rossum
	1991	Q
QuickBASIC	1991	Visual Basic	Alan Cooper, Microsoft
SQL-1	1992	SQL-2
Turbo-Pascal OOP	1992	Borland Pascal
Forth	1993	FALSE programming language>FALSE	Oortmerrsen
FALSE	1993	Brainfuck	Mueller
HyperTalk	1993	Revolution programming language>Revolution
HyperCard	1993	AppleScript	Apple
Perl Smalltalk	1993	Ruby programming language>Ruby
	1993	Lua
Ada 83	1995	Ada 95	ISO
Borland Pascal	1995	Delphi programming language>Delphi(1)	Borland
	1995	Java programming language>Java	Sun Microsystems
1990MUMPS	1995	MUMPS programming language>1995 MUMPS
REXX	1996	REXX>NetRexx	Cowlishaw
Standard ML,84	1997	SML programming language>SML'97
PHP 3	1997	PHP programming language>PHP
Scheme	1997	Pico	Free University of Brussels
C++	1998	C++98	ANSI/ISO Standard C++
	1998	Erlang programming language	Open Source Erlang from Ericsson
2000s
	2000	Joy	von Thun
C C++	2000	D	Walter Bright, Digital Mars
C C++ COM Java	2000	C#	Microsoft
DELPHI(5)	2001	KYLIX	Borland
Whitespace	2003	Whitespace	Brady and Morris
Perl C++	2003	S2
C# ML MetaHaskell	2003	Nemerle	University of Wroclaw
Programming languages with unknown or questionable dates
	19??	TUTOR	Tenczar (for Plato)
*	197?	sh (Bourne Shell)	Bourne
sh	19??	ksh (Korn Shell)	Korn
	1960s?	IITRAN
ksh	199?	zsh (Z Shell)
*	1990	Self	Sun Microsystems Inc
Self Java	199?	LiveScript	Brendan Eich, Netscape (Self inspired, made for Java interactions)
LiveScript	1995	JavaScript	Netscape
JavaScript	1997	ECMAScript	ECMA TC39-TG1
	2003	Rikstation

Legend

( Entry ) means not a universal programming language

* means no direct predecessor / unique language