The Utrecht (city) reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Jul-2004 (provided by Fixed Reference: snapshots of Wikipedia from wikipedia.org)

Utrecht (city)

Utrecht is capital city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. With 250,000 inhabitants, it is the fourth city of the Netherlands.

The municipality also comprises the following towns, villages and townships: De Meern, Haarzuilens, Vleuten.

Table of contents

1 History 2 Famous people from Utrecht 3 Museums in Utrecht 4 The Uithof 4.1 The buildings on the Uithof 5 Hoog Catharijne 6 Public transport 7 Treaties 8 External links

History

The origin of the city was the erection of a Roman fortification (castellum) around AD 47. It was built at the river Rhine, which followed a more northern route than it does now and was the border of the Roman Empire. The name of the place was Traiectum, which means fordable place. During the ages around 500 Romans were encamped here. Near the fort there was a settlement with artisans, traders and soldiers' women and children.

In the middle of the 2nd century German peoples regularly invaded the territories that Romans had conquered from them, and around 270 the Romans left Utrecht. About the period 270-500 little is known. In the 6th century Utrecht came under the influence of the Franks.

During the Middle Ages Utrecht was the most important city of the Northern Netherlands. Willibrordus is usually considered to be its first bishop. In 695 he was appointed archbishop of the Frisians and in 703 or 704 Pepin II of Herstal gave him Utrecht as see for his missionary activities further north.

Later the bishops of Utrecht exercised worldly power not only in the province of Utrecht (Nedersticht) but also further to the northeast. The Veluwe soon became part of Gelre but Overijssel remained the Oversticht. In 1528 the wordly power over both Neder- and Oversticht was transferred to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, who became the Lord of the 17 Netherlands (the current Benelux plus the 'Nord' of France).

In 1579 the northern 7 provinces of these Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht. They decided to work together against the Spanish rule. The Union of Utrecht is seen as the beginning of the Dutch Republic. In 1580 this predominantly Protestant state abolished the bishoprics, including the one in Utrecht. Only in 1853 was the see reinstated.

Nowadays, important influences in Utrecht are the Nederlandse Spoorwegen (Dutch Railways) and Utrecht University. Utrecht is the center of the Dutch railroad network. The city is also known for its Dom Tower of Utrecht and its canalstructure in the centre of the city. It is home to FC Utrecht (a major league football club), which recently has run into financial trouble, and plays in Stadion Nieuw Galgenwaard.

• Bishops of Utrecht

Famous people from Utrecht

• Pope Adrian VI
• Louis Andriessen (composer)
• Marco van Basten (soccer player)
• Dick Bruna (illustrator)
• C.H.D. Buys Ballot (meteorologist)
• Gerrit van Honthorst (painter)
• Gerrit Rietveld (architect)

Museums in Utrecht

• Centraal Museum (arts and history)
• Museum Catharijneconvent (history of christian culture)
• National museum 'From musical clock to street organ' (automatical musical instruments)
• Railroad museum (history of Dutch railroad)
• University museum (see Utrecht University)

The Uithof

The Uithof is the campus of Utrecht University close to the soccer stadium of FC Utrecht on the outskirts of Utrecht. Several facilities are located on the Uithof:

• The university medical center, UMC.
• The university library.
• The (new) botanical garden. The old garden is located at the University museum.
• Student housing for 1001 students.
• Several bars and a supermarket.

The buildings on the Uithof

In the early days of the Uithof, all university buildings were simply called Trans, followed by a number. Nowadays, most buildings on the Uithof are named after famous scientists from Utrecht. These scientists have two things in common: they are all dead and they worked in more or less the same field as the people in "their" building. Amongst them are:

• F.A.F.C. Went, a botanist
• H.R. Kruyt
• Minnaert
• C.H.D. Buys Ballot, a meteorologist
• Caroline Bleeker, an early female physicist
• Ornenstein
• Ruppert
• Langeveld
• Van Unnik
• Zonneveld

Hoog Catharijne

Hoog Catharijne is an indoor shopping center adjacent to the train station on one side and the city center on the other side. The corridors have been considered public places like streets, and the main route from station to city centre is therefore open all night.

Over the next years (counting from 2004), parts of Hoog Catharijne will disappear in connection with the Aanpak Stationsgebied scheme.

Public transport

Utrecht Centraal (ut) is a main node of the Dutch rail network and also of the regional and local public transport:

• GVU buses, including a high-quality bus line to the Uithof district in the east, served by bi-articulated buses.
• Connexxion buses, and a light-rail line with branches to Nieuwegein and IJsselstein.
• BBA buses for the region northwest of the city, and to Breda and Oosterhout (Interliner).

Treaties

• The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 settled the War of the Spanish Succession. Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain.

External links

• Site of the city
• http://www.sdu.nl/staatscourant/gem/gem477u.htm
• Maps, also showing light-rail line:
  • City map
  • Map of the whole province, but showing about equal detail
• GVU line map (does not show lines of other companies)
• Map of station surroundings
• Bus station (southern part, for regional buses, as opposed to city buses at the north side)
• http://www.plattegronden.nl/gemeentevleuten-demeern/ - Map of the west part of the municipality
• Busway Program, bi-articulated bus

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