Virginia

Commonwealth of Virginia

(In Detail) (Full size)
State nickname: Old Dominion
Other U.S. States
Capital	Richmond
Largest City	Virginia Beach
Governor	Mark R. Warner
Area  - Total  - Land  - Water  - % water	Ranked 35th 110,862 km² 102,642 km² 8,220 km² 7.4%
Population  - Total (2000)  - Density	Ranked 12th 7,196,750 64/km²
Admittance into Union  - Order  - Date	10th June 25, 1788
Time zone	Eastern: UTC-5/-4
Latitude Longitude	36°31'N to 39°37'N 75°13'W to 83°37'W
Width Length Elevation   -Highest   -Mean   -Lowest	320 km 690 km   1,746 meters 290 meters 0 meters
FIPS Code:	51
ISO 3166-2:	US-VA

Virginia is one of the original 13 states of the United States that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution and is generally classified as part of the South. Its official name is the Commonwealth of Virginia; it is one of four Commonwealths out of the fifty United States.

Kentucky and West Virginia were part of Virginia at the time of the founding of the United States, but the former was admitted to the Union as a separate state in 1792 while the latter broke away from Virginia during the American Civil War.

Table of contents

1 History 2 Law and Government 3 Geography 4 Demographics 5 Important cities and towns 6 Colleges and universities 7 Professional sports teams 8 Miscellaneous information 9 Novel 10 Other places 11 External links

History

Among Native American people living in what now is Virginia were the Powhatan, Nottaway, Meherrin, Monacan, Saponi, and Cherokee.

At the end of the 16th century when England began to colonize North America, "Virginia" was the name Queen Elizabeth I of England gave to the whole area Sir Walter Raleigh's 1584 expedition explored on the coast of North America, eventually applying to the whole coast from South Carolina to Maine. The London Virginia Company became incorporated as a joint stock company by a royal charter drawn up on April 10, 1606. They swiftly financed the first permanent English settlement in the New World which was at Jamestown in the Virginia Colony in 1607. Its Second Charter was officially ratified on May 23, 1609.

Virginia was given its nickname "The Old Dominion" by King Charles II of England at the time of the Restoration for remaining loyal to the crown during the English Civil War. On June 12, 1776, the Virginia Convention adopted the Virginia Declaration of Rights, a document that influenced the Bill of Rights added later to the United States Constitution. On June 29, 1776, the convention adopted a constitution that established Virginia as a commonwealth independent of the British Empire. In 1790 both Virginia and Maryland ceded territory to form the new District of Columbia, but in an Act of Congress dated July 9, 1846, the territory that had been ceded was returned to Virginia, and is now Arlington County and part of the City of Alexandria. Virginia is one of the states that seceded from the Union to become the Confederacy during the Civil War. When it did, some counties were separated as West Virginia, an act which was upheld by the United States Supreme Court in 1870.

Virginia formally rejoined the Union on January 26, 1870 after a period of post-war military rule.

On January 13, 1990 Douglas Wilder became the first African American governor of a US state to serve as Governor after Reconstruction when he was elected Governor of Virginia.

In 2004, Virginia took the extraordinary step of banning any recognition whatsoever of homosexual relationships, extending even to matters such as private wills and joint ownership of property (the state was one of 13 that still had sodomy laws on their books at the time the United States Supreme Court declared such laws unconstitutional in 2003). This has led to a campaign by supporters of gay rights to boycott the state in areas such as tourism and urging people not to buy products or services from companies headquartered in the state or having a substantial presence there.

Law and Government

The capital is Richmond. See: List of Virginia Governors

House of Burgesses: The lower house of the legislature in colonial Virginia. The House of Burgesses made up the other part of the General Assembly. Its members were chosen by all those who could vote in the colony. Each settlement chose two people or burgesses to represent it. The Burgesses met to make laws for the colony and set the direction for its future growth. The idea of electing burgesses was important and new. It gave Virginians a chance to control their own government for the first time. At first the burgesses were elected by all free men in the colony. Women, indentured servants, and Native Americans could not vote. Later the rules for voting changed, making it necessary for men to own at least fifty acres of land in order to vote.

Virginia is bordered by West Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia (across the Potomac River to the north, by Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, by North Carolina and Tennessee to the south, and by Kentucky to the west.

Chesapeake Bay divides the state, with the eastern portion (called 'the Eastern Shore"), a part of the Delmarva Peninsula, completely separate from the rest of the state.

Demographics

As of 2001, the population is 7,196,750.

Important cities and towns

Under the laws in effect in Virginia, all municipalities incorporated as cities are independent of any county. Of the approximately 43 independent cities in the United States, 39 are in Virginia. The complete list of Virginia independent cities follows:

Alexandria Bedford Bristol Buena Vista Charlottesville Chesapeake Colonial Heights Covington Danville Emporia Fairfax Falls Church Franklin Fredericksburg Galax Hampton Harrisonburg Hopewell Lexington Lynchburg

Manassas Manassas Park Martinsville Newport News Norfolk Norton Petersburg Poquoson Portsmouth Richmond Radford Roanoke Salem Staunton Suffolk Virginia Beach Waynesboro Williamsburg Winchester

Some other municipalities incorporated as towns, which are not independent of a county, include:

Abingdon Altavista Ashland Berryville Blacksburg Bluefield Bridgewater Chincoteague Christiansburg Clifton Forge Colonial Beach Culpeper Dumfries Farmville Front Royal Herndon Lebanon Leesburg Luray

Marion Orange Pulaski Purcellville Richlands Rocky Mount Smithfield South Boston South Hill Strasburg Tappahannock Tazewell Vienna Vinton Warrenton West Point Wise Woodstock Wytheville

Finally, Arlington County, which lies across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C, is a completely urbanized community, but has no incorporated area within its borders.

Colleges and universities

Appalachian School of Law Averett College Bluefield College Bridgewater College Christendom College Christopher Newport University College of Health Sciences College of William and Mary Eastern Mennonite University Eastern Virginia Medical School Emory and Henry College Ferrum College George Mason University George Washington University Virginia Campus Hampden-Sydney College Hampton University Hollins University Institute of Textile Technology James Madison University Liberty University Longwood University Lynchburg College Marine Corps University Mary Baldwin College Marymount University

Norfolk State University Northern Virginia Community College Old Dominion University Radford University Randolph-Macon College Randolph-Macon Woman's College Regent University Roanoke College Saint Paul's College Shenandoah University Southern Virginia College Sweet Briar College University of Mary Washington University of Richmond University of Virginia University of Virginia's College at Wise Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Intermont College Virginia Military Institute Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Virginia State University Virginia Union University Virginia Wesleyan College Washington Bible College and Capital Bible Seminary, Northern Virginia Extension Washington and Lee University

Professional sports teams

Bluefield Orioles Bristol White Sox Danville Braves Lynchburg Hillcats Norfolk Tides

Potomac Cannons (Woodbridge) Pulaski Blue Jays Richmond Braves Salem Avalanche

The minor league soccer teams are:

• Richmond Kickers
• Virginia Beach Mariners

• Northern Virginia Royals

• Northern Virginia Majestics
• Hampton Roads Piranhas

State motto: "Sic semper tyrannis." (Ever thus to tyrants.)
State bird: Cardinal
State flower: Dogwood
State tree: Dogwood
State insect: Tiger swallowtail
State song: "Carry Me Back to Old Virginny"

USS Virginia was named in honor of this state.

Novel

A 1913 novel by Ellen Glasgow is entitled Virginia.

Other places

There are also places named Virginia in the States of Illinois and Minnesota: see

• Virginia, Illinois.
• Virginia, Minnesota.

• State Government website
• Charter to Sir Walter Raleigh : 1584
• The First Charter of Virginia; April 10, 1606
• The Second Charter of Virginia; May 23, 1609
• The Third Charter of Virginia; March 12, 1611

	Political divisions of the United States
States Alabama | Alaska | Arizona | Arkansas | California | Colorado | Connecticut | Delaware | Florida | Georgia | Hawaii | Idaho | Illinois | Indiana | Iowa | Kansas | Kentucky | Louisiana | Maine | Maryland | Massachusetts | Michigan | Minnesota | Mississippi | Missouri | Montana | Nebraska | Nevada | New Hampshire | New Jersey | New Mexico | New York | North Carolina | North Dakota | Ohio | Oklahoma | Oregon | Pennsylvania | Rhode Island | South Carolina | South Dakota | Tennessee | Texas | Utah | Vermont | Virginia | Washington | West Virginia | Wisconsin | Wyoming Federal district District of Columbia Insular areas American Samoa | Baker Island | Guam | Howland Island | Jarvis Island | Johnston Atoll | Kingman Reef | Midway Atoll | Navassa Island | Northern Mariana Islands | Palmyra Atoll | Puerto Rico | Virgin Islands | Wake Island